Collectivism and Individualism in The Fountainhead free essay sample

Ayn Rand’s questionable novel The Fountainhead specifically addresses the ideas of cooperation and independence. The characters in the novel are sensational portrayals of Rand’s theory identified with these two convictions; in any case, except if the peruser completely fathoms the contrasts between these two philosophical ideas, the activities of the characters lose their importance. While the two ideas are philosophical conviction frameworks for controlling conduct, the peruser will characterize the terms by looking at their disparities. The peruser may comprehend the terms at first by looking at the distinctions in the exacting and interpretive meanings of each term. The strict definitions uncover huge contrasts in significance. Merriam Websters word reference expresses that independence is, â€Å"a hypothesis keeping up the political and financial autonomy of the individual and focusing on singular activity, activity, and interests.†(Merriam Webster). As indicated by this equivalent word reference, community is characterized as being â€Å"a political or monetary hypothesis supporting aggregate control particularly over creation and dissemination. We will compose a custom paper test on Community and Individualism in The Fountainhead or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page †(Merriam Webster). These definitions just show the political part of the book, anyway the novel is additionally founded on one’s psyche and soul. The interpretive definitions feature convincing contrasts between these two convictions. All through the novel the nonconformist is one who saw nothing amiss with his convictions and didn't feel that anybody was second rate compared to him. Regardless of the response of others in the start of this novel reasoning that he thought about nobody however himself, by the end individuals had the option to see that he was â€Å"[. . .] a man absolutely guiltless of fear† (678). Then again community is characterized as individuals being impacted by the entire to turn into a â€Å"socially accepted† individual. Just changing and adjusting to fit in and feel as though they fit in. The peruser may harden his comprehension of the two conviction frameworks by inspecting the contrasting impacts each produces. The impacts of community on the individual and society obviously characterize the way of thinking. Cooperation delineated in the novel is appeared by expressing that the mass cooperates for a more noteworthy reason and to get equivalent. This community causes â€Å" A reality where no man [. . . ] hold[s] a craving for himself, yet [. . .] satisf[ies] the longing of his neighbor†(639). The impacts of independence clarify the significance of this conviction framework. Ayn Rand represents independence similar to an individual who accomplishes their objectives, regardless of the downsides that are constrained upon them and â€Å"[. . .] its wonder started with one [person] and that one paid for his courage†(679). The Foutainhead presents the idea that the independent consistently needed to battle from the beginning of time and albeit some paid with their life,†[. . .] they won†(679). Also, in spite of the fact that crafted by these incredible individuals are extraordinary, collectivist accept that nobody ought to be made capable and nobody individual ought to be compensated for these fulfillments. What they derive is that each thought is the generation of somebody elses reasoning that nobody thought is one of enormity. The distinctions in the importance of these two terms are obvious all through the novel, both make an equivalent parity to illuminate the peruser regarding what the basic issues are. Before I read this book I accepted that independence was the demonstration of self-centeredness and that cooperation was the specialty of individuals combining to turn out to be better. Anyway through cautious perusing and in class conversations I feel that independence is close to an individual following what they think to be correct and help make a final result for the individuals, which is unselfish. What's more, I additionally accept that cooperation is a kind of indoctrinate arrangement that gives no credit to the individuals who genuinely merit it. Both cooperation and independence have there destructions. Today as I would like to think nobody is a genuine independent, yet in addition I see no collectivist to degree that is delineated in the novel. My feelings on these two speculations have changed completely all through the novel and my last view is that, not every person is great and not every person can be the individual who they genuinely need to be.

Operations management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tasks the executives - Essay Example lity objectives; and the individuals relegated to the venture get the inspiration, bearing, and data expected to do their jobs†. (from the content, p.49) The Project Manager should consider the advantages and disadvantages of various highlights and choices and should choose to hold a few while disposing of others. When the structure is endorsed, itemized arranging starts. At this stage, â€Å"business benefits, venture targets, prerequisites, administration, degree and undertaking the executives approach are completely concurred upon†.(www.businessperform.com, 2011) The PM additionally sifts through normal moral issues looked by venture groups at this stage, and readies the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). During the Scheduling stage, successions and time designation are given to all extend exercises. The PM chooses the ideal time assignment for every movement/task and will in like manner delegate individuals and assets towards its execution.

Blog Archive MBA News BusinessWeeks Winners and Losers in 2010

Blog Archive MBA News BusinessWeek’s Winners and Losers in 2010 With regard to business school rankings, BusinessWeek is arguably the one that applicants follow most closely. The rankings are released, and the BusinessWeek message boards are subsequently set ablaze with comments and speculation about one school’s demise and another’s ascendance. Then, later in the year, life choices are made on the basis of a schools slipping or advancing a position or two. So, on this day, as BusinessWeek releases its biennial rankings, we remind candidates that rankings are quite arbitrary. As Southern Methodist University vaults to 12th overall, two places ahead of Dartmouth-Tuck, can we truly say that Tuck has diminished significantly from earlier this morning or even two years ago, when it was six places ahead? As UVA-Darden jumps from 16th positon to 11th and UCLA falls from 14th to 17th, does either school’s core curriculum or pedagogy change? If you were turned off by the case method yesterday, is Darden any better of a fit for you today? Our point is that rankings are arbitrary and that their purpose is to simplify what truly is a complex and personal decision. Rankings don’t measure whether you would be happier with the flexible curriculum Chicago Booth offers or with the first-year required curriculum at HBS. These two schools curricula are quite different and appeal to different people. Rankings cannot determine whether you would prefer the hustle and bustle of New York City’s West Village, where NYU-Stern is located, or the relative quiescence of Ithaca, where Johnson is located. Rankings should be taken with more than a grain of saltâ€"a bucket, perhaps?â€"and you should take time to determine the factors that are most important to you (e.g., pedagogy, academic/professional specializations, location, class size) in an MBA program, and then do your research to identify the schools that best meet your needs by fulfilling these factors. Further, rankings are released each year or two and thus place emphasis on the short term. However, your relationship with your school and your classmates will endure long after you graduate, regardless of how your school is ranked in two years, five years, ten yearseven 50 years!   In fact, when we have asked MBA grads ten years out of business school whether their school’s ranking is relevant in their current life or career, they have overwhelmingly answered in the negative. We hope that if you choose to consult the various business school rankings, you will do so with a sense of humor and an open mind. The Winners Southern Methodist University â€" Cox: +6 (12th overall) University of Virginia â€" Darden: +5 (11th overall) Carnegie Mellon University â€" Tepper:   +4 (15th overall) The Losers New York University â€" Stern:   5 (18th overall) Indiana University â€" Kelley:     -4 (19th overall) UCLA â€" Anderson:   -4 (17th overall) Share ThisTweet News

Main Strategies Used In Kings Speech - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 979 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: I Have a Dream Essay Martin Luther King Essay Did you like this example? In 1963, activist and leader, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered the most famous speech in history. The I Have a Dream speech was heard by over 200,000 people at the March of Washington. His intended audience were black and white people with the desire for equality and change in the United States of America. King wanted those oppressed to continue fighting for the equality that was promised to them, but not yet given at the time. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. utilized ethos, pathos, logos, and the four strategies of influence to execute his I Have a Dream speech successfully. From the very beginning of his speech, King established a connection with his 200,00 plus audience though pathos. He claimed I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation (King). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Main Strategies Used In Kings Speech" essay for you Create order He is appealing to the audiences emotions by analysing the historical value of that moment and how everyone that was there would be apart of it. To trigger deeper emotions, MLK Jr. embellished fear and anger by stating But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination (King). He inflicts fear and anger by using cue words such as shameful, sadly crippled, etc, and making people feel as though something has been taken from them to get the audience riled up. In addition, it is evident that Martin Luther King Jr. knew the importance of establishing trust and credibility amongst his audience. He did so using ethos and by mentioning public figures such as our founding fathers that formed the Emancipation Proclamation while still being relevant to his argument at the beginning of his speech. MLK Jr. asserts When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir (King).   Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, etc, were all well known presidents that had great influence in shaping our nation. So it makes sense that Dr. King would touch base on these public figures because he himself was attempting to change and shape the country for the better. In Dr. Kings words,   Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality and America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked insufficient funds.'(King). His use of logos in form of analogies is significantly present in these statements because he is using experiences, that he and others have been through, making his statement factual. He also refers to the black men and women who sacrifice themselves by working hard day in and day out only to receive a bad check or nothing at all. Furthermore, credibility is established through pathos in the I Have a Dream Speech and is presented in many forms. As previously stated, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. directs the audiences attention to the founding fathers and the Declaration of Independence which allows the listeners to recognize King as trustworthy. Not only that but he also alludes to the Emancipation Proclamation, which was signed by former president, Abraham Lincoln: a well known public figure. Keep in mind that Dr. King was a great leader and advocate for equal rights during that time, which definitely helped build an attractive fundamental background for his audience. The speech seems to be steered towards the central route of persuasion because the audiences attitudes seemed to be modified with the changes that happened after the speech. His speech ultimately caused a large uproar for change with his formal and peaceful protest. After the speech, there was significant change in the way people protest because of MLKs example. The four stratagems of influence include pre-persuasion, credibility, message, and emotions: all in which Dr. King achieved in his well written speech. As previously mentioned, Dr. King proclaimed,   I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation( King). This was a great way to get the audience ready to be persuaded by expanding their minds on what was to come. He follows the speech with factual evidence thats relevant to his argument such as the unfulfilled promises of the Emancipation Proclamation. He established credibility with this as well by using the founding fathers and Abraham Lincoln to make a point for his argument. His message was clear with the analogies made about the black community and the unfairness that they endure. The message targeted the minds of the audience with desire for equality of rights. Lastly, King targets an emotional responses such as fear and anger from the aud ience. One example of this is when he said And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges (King). He inflicts fear here by basically saying that there will be no peace until black people are granted equal rights. With an audience of over 200,000 people, Dr. Martin Luther King, leader and civil rights activist wrote the I Have a Dream speech. He wanted equal rights for the black communities and he wanted his audience to desire the same thing. To encourage this, Dr. King wrote this powerful speech with the help of ethos, pathos, logos, and the four stratagems of persuasion, and he was able to achieve just that

Who Invented Ginger Ale

The sparkling, spicy refreshment known as ginger ale began with ginger beer, an alcoholic Victorian-era beverage invented in Yorkshire, England. Around 1851, the first ginger ales were created in Ireland. This ginger ale was a soft drink with no alcohol. The carbonation was achieved by adding carbon dioxide. The Invention of Ginger Ale John McLaughlin, a Canadian pharmacist, invented the modern Canada Dry version of Ginger Ale in 1907. McLaughlin graduated from the University of Toronto in 1885 with a Gold Medal in Pharmacy. By 1890, John McLaughlin opened a carbonated water plant in Toronto, Canada. He sold his product to local drugstores that used the carbonated water to mix with fruit juices and flavoring to create delicious sodas to sell to their soda fountain customers. John McLaughlin began making his own soda drink recipes and created McLaughlin Belfast Style Ginger Ale in 1890. McLaughlin also developed a method of mass bottling his Ginger Ale leading to successful sales. Each bottle of McLaughlin Belfast Style Ginger Ale featured a map of Canada and a picture of a beaver (the national animal of Canada) on the label. By 1907, John McLaughlin had refined his recipe by lightening the dark color and improving the sharp taste of his first Ginger Ale. The result was Canada Dry Pale Dry Ginger Ale, which John McLaughlin patented. On May 16, 1922, Canada Dry Pale Ginger Ale was trademark registered. The Champagne of Ginger Ales is another famous Canada Dry trademark. This â€Å"pale† style of ginger ale made a fine, flavorful substitute for club soda, especially during the Prohibition era in the U.S., when the spice of the ginger ale covered up the less-than-refined illegal alcoholic spirits available. Uses Dry ginger ale is enjoyed as a soft drink and as a mixer for alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. It is also commonly used to combat stomach upset. Ginger has been proven beneficial to digestion for centuries, and scientific studies have indicated that ginger ale is somewhat beneficial in combatting nausea.

Essay on Why Read Literature - 671 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nothing teaches us better than literature to see, in ethnic and cultural differences, the richness of the human patrimony, and to prize those differences as manifestation humanity’s multi-faceted creativity. Reading good literature is an experience of pleasure, of course; but it is also an experience of learning what and how we are, on our human integrity and our human imperfection, with our actions, our dreams, and our ghosts, alone and in a relationship that link us to others, in our public image and in the secret recesses of our consciousness. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The bond that literature establishes among human beings compels them to enter into dialogue. The bond also makes them conscious of a†¦show more content†¦Without reading and untouched by literature will resemble a community of mutes and those of lost expressions afflicted tremendous problems of communication due to its crude and rude language. This is true for individuals, too. A person who does not read, or reads little, or reads only trash, is a person who speaks much but he/she will say little words such as curse words, because his/her vocabulary is lacking in the means for self-expression. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Reading Literature is not only a verbal expression, but also represents a limitation on intellect and in imagination. It is a poverty of thought, for the simple reason to grasp our knowledge and ask what is the importance of life? We learn how to speak correctly--and deeply and subtly-- from good literature and only from good literature. No other discipline or branch of the arts can substitute for literature in crafting the language that people need to communicate. To speak well, to have at one’s disposal a rich and diverse language, to be able to find appropriate expression for every idea and every emotion that we want to communicate, is to be better prepared to think, to teach, to learn, to converse, and also to fantasize, to dream, to feel. In a secret way, words repeat in all our action, evenShow MoreRelatedWhy We Read Literature918 Words   |  4 PagesWhy we read literature The word literature means ‘acquaintance with letters.’ With literature we can put anything and everything into words and play it like a video for someone else to see. It is a profession where words are arranged in such a way that they describe, feelings, emotions, experiences etc. it describes society and the people living in it, what they think of it and what they want it to be. There are many reasons to why we read literature. We could read it for information which is toRead MoreWhy Do We Read Literature?938 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature has become an unalienable part of human life for centuries. However, it is worth asking, â€Å"Why do we read literature?† What powers does it have that we prioritize literature in our lives and culture? There can be innumerable answers to this question. I recall a famous dialogue from the movie Dead Poets Society (1989), â€Å"Medicine, law, business, engineering: these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. Poetry, beauty, romance, love- these are what we stay alive for.† LiteratureRead MoreEssay about Critique on I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read946 Words   |  4 PagesIn Francine Prose’s â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read: How American High School Students Learn to Loathe Literature†, the author is trying to explain why high school students are not asked to read more quality pieces of literature now a days. In my opinion I agree with Prose because I think the texts we read in high school are not challenging and not a lot of students enjoy the readings because they cannot relate. Prose uses the rhetorical strategy of degrading the books high school studentsRead MoreCritical Analysis Skills Developed Through Writing a Reflection Paper870 Words   |  4 Pagesfeelings down about what I had learned in a class that I had to read literature and then interpret those readings into journal entries addressed to my fellow students. This left me a little intimidated. So to start the ideas flowing, I went back to the beginning. I looked up the â€Å"Week One Letter† to the student and re-read the description and goal of the course. Dr. Doe stated in the letter that, â€Å"we will be reading a variety of literature for a better understanding of the ideals, values, and attitudesRead MoreThe Importance of Literature to Humanity1298 Words   |   6 PagesThe Importance of Literature to Humanity â€Å"Literature speaks the language of the imagination, and the study of literature is supposed to train and improve the imagination† (Frye 134). According to Northrop Frye the imagination is the combination between emotions and intellect in every individual. The more an individual is exposed to literature the better that person is at expanding their imagination, which he calls the educated imagination. Having an educated imagination helps one to think for themselvesRead MoreLiterature : The Things They Carried1119 Words   |  5 Pages Literature comes in all sizes. Literature doesn’t focus on a specific genre; it can be about anything from war, to violence, to race. Literature is made up of different histories from different eras with different writing styles. Literature is made of meaning and hidden messages. When you read literature, you will know it is literature because it’s about human experience. You have to read between the lines to decide what the hidden meaning is. Literature doesn’t explicitly tell us, instead usesRead More Classification Essay - Good Books and Great Books521 Words   |  3 Pagessome books are more so than others. Surely Daniel Steele is a far cry from William Shakespeare, but what exactly is the difference? Even in the realm of quality literature there are still good books and great books. The difference between the importance of good and great books is also why it is so important to read great literature: Great books have a scope much larger than good ones. Good and great books differ by nature, not by degree. A good book is not almost a great one; a greatRead MoreLiterature and Its Relevance in Modern Times1515 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Heiges ENGL 203-525 Ms. Nair Feb 8, 2013 Literature and its Relevance in Modern Times Before the importance of literature is discussed we must ask ourselves: â€Å"What is literature?† Many individuals that are asked that question will often give a complex answer for it seems to be a complex word. Some of the answers may include â€Å"it involves reading† or â€Å"it’s when you write†. These are both true, but when you actually think about it, literature is so much more than that, especially with how oftenRead MoreThe Importance Of Literature1004 Words   |  5 Pagesability to read, view, write, speak, and listen in a way that allows you to communicate effectively. The power of literacy lies not just in the ability to read and write, but rather in a person’s capacity to apply these skills in the world which they live in. Nowadays, nearly everywhere requires you to have some sort of literature background for you to be able to work or get a job. I believe that in order to have a successful life, you need to have some sort of literat ure background. Literature is a veryRead MoreAccording To â€Å"Why We Read: The University, The Humanities,1336 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to â€Å"Why We Read: The University, the Humanities, and the Province of Literature, Richter illustrates why literature should be studied in the first place. David Richter is an English professor who was very dedicated to his job. In this article, he had five section: English Literature as an Object of Study, The Era of Grand Theory and Cultural Wars, Reading Liberation; Teaching as a Propaganda, The Function of English at the Present Time and After the Culture Wars: The Problem of Disciplinary

Freeganism free essay sample

There are a slew of good people who helped me write this piece. When John Boe, my UWP journalism professor, announced that we could write on literally anything we wanted, I felt like a housecat looking out the front door. Unsure of where to step, and without any of my own ideas, I asked my good friend Liz what I should write about. It was she who turned me on to the Davis â€Å"dumpster diving† culture and its protest of the food industry through gleaning. These gleaners, whose names I changed to protect their privacy, welcomed me into their homes and showed me the utmost generosity. And now, from my soapbox, I can see that religious capitalism has yielded an American culture of excess, a culture that transcends our own borders, and wasted food remains a physical testament to our negligence. Though gleaning may not solve the planet’s food problems, it does illuminate these problems, which is a start. We will write a custom essay sample on Freeganism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And who can turn down free cheese —Ronny Smith Instructor’s Comment: I have to admit that when Ronald Smith pitched his idea of doing a dumpster diving story, I was not wildly enthusiastic. I had had a student do a similar story a year or so previously, and her result was more a personal essay (â€Å"Look, I went dumpster diving! †) than journalism. But Ronald took a different approach and ended up with a fabulous final product. Sure the highlight of the piece is in his first person experience of dumpster diving, which he renders skillfully: I feel as if I am in the dumpster with him, and I cringe when he actually eats some of the found food. But Ronald puts the diamond of his first person story in a rich setting: information from a UCD American Studies class, interviews (a grad student in Community Development, several dumpster divers, the Grocery Manager of Davis Foods Co-op), information from newspapers and other sources, reports on Sacramento’s efforts to regulate dumpster diving (including an account of a Sacramento Council Chamber Meeting), and a summary of author Raj Patel’s remarks when he spoke at UCD earlier in the quarter. And the final element that Ronald brought to the piece was the ability to write strikingly elegant sentences and create vivid scenes. From the lead to the ending, there are sparkling sentences and memorable moments in this superbly written piece.? —John Boe, University Writing Program Americans hate trash. They hate it. So much so that some American lawmakers want to pay other countries to take our trash, just so we don’t have to deal with it. Trash smells, it looks gross, and it’s everywhere.

Brandon Lee Essay Research Paper Brandon Lee free essay sample

Brandon Lee Essay, Research Paper Brandon Lee was born on February 1, 1965 to Bruce Lee ( Martial Arts graven image ) and Linda Lee, and brother to Shannon Lee. In 1965 Brandon and his household lived in Hong Kong where Brandon became fluid in Cantonese by the age of 8. He attended Boston # 8217 ; s Art-Oriented Emerson College in NY. Turning up as the boy of a mythologized film fable Bruce Lee, who died at 32 of a encephalon hydrops, when Brandon was 8. Brandon studied Soldierly Humanistic disciplines and play, like his male parent. When his female parent took him for Martial humanistic disciplines lessons when Brandon was 9, he saw a image of Bruce Lee on the wall, started to call and ran from the room. For a long clip, his attitude was that he didn # 8217 ; t need school, and he thumbed his olfactory organ at the regulations. In 1983 Brandon was expelled from school because of misbehaviour, but received his sheepskin at Miraleste High school. We will write a custom essay sample on Brandon Lee Essay Research Paper Brandon Lee or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shortly before Bruce Lee died in 1973, whose Chinese name Lee Shao-lung, which means Small Dragon, had bought a house in a Hong Kong suburb called Kowloon tong ( Pond of the Nine Dragons ) . The Lee household was believed to be cursed with the covetous wrath of the vicinity # 8217 ; s resident devils. The expletive lasts, it is said, three coevalss. Brandon was in the films, # 8220 ; Rapid Fire # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; Showdown Little Tokyo # 8221 ; , and a few more movies, including # 8220 ; The Crow # 8221 ; . He turned down offers to be in # 8220 ; Dragon: The Bruce Lee narrative # 8221 ; . Bruce Lee died while shooting a film at the age of 32, of what is to be believed, a encephalon hydrops. Brandon died at the age of 28 on the set of # 8220 ; The Crow # 8221 ; . Brandon Lee died during a bad luck on the set of? The Crow? . On March 30, the dramatis personae and crew of The Crow had allegedly come to work after holding had merely eight hours away. It was shortly after midnight on March 31 when Brandon went in forepart of the camera. The scene was a flashback intended to explicate how his character Eric Draven had been killed in the first topographic point. The scene req uired a gun to be loaded, cocked, and so pointed at the camera. But because of the close scope of the shooting, the slugs that were loaded had existent brass caps, but no pulverization. After the cut, the propsmaster prohibitionist fired the gun to acquire the gun ready for the scene, strike harding an empty cartridge into the barrel of the gun. The armsmaster was supposed to manage the scene, but had left the set early for the twenty-four hours. The gun was loaded with spaces. Lee entered the set transporting a bag of food markets incorporating an explosive blood battalion. The book called for Funboy ( Michael Massey ) to shoot Eric Draven ( Brandon Lee ) as he entered the room, puting off the blood battalion. The cartridge that was stuck in the barrel was shot at Brandon through the bag he was carrying, killing him. The cap of a clean by chance got lodged in his spinal column after perforating his venters. The physicians worked urgently for five hours, but it was no usage. He was pronounced dead at 1:04 P.M. the following twenty-four hours. Harmonizing to the arms expert, the metal tip of one of the dummy slugs, which had been loaded into the gun for the close-up, had somehow pulled free from its brass shell. When the silent persons were unloaded and replaced with spaces, the metal tip remained behind in the gun # 8217 ; s cylinder. Equally shortly as the clean went away, its explosive force launched the silent person tip through the gun barrel and into Lee # 8217 ; s organic structure. Brandon was supposed to get married Eliza Hutton on April 17. His organic structure was flown to Seattle to be buried beside his male parent in Lake View Cemetery. On April 3rd, there was a funeral. There were about 400 people at that place, including Steven Seagal, David Carradine, and Brandon # 8217 ; s best friend and Stunt coordinator, Jeff Imada. Jeff was so jolted he couldn # 8217 ; t even talk. Linda ( Brandon? s female parent ) kept everyone liquors up by stating, # 8220 ; Brandon would hold wanted this to be a joyful juncture. We # 8217 ; rhenium here to be happy and to observe the life of Brandon Lee. # 8221 ;

Educating Special Needs Students Essays

Educating Special Needs Students Essays Educating Special Needs Students Essay Educating Special Needs Students Essay Today with so many children being born with some type of disability it is essential that schools are equipped to educate them in regular classrooms. There are many challenges children with disabilities faces and the greatest one is the myth that they cannot learn. With the appropriate instructions provided by certified special education teachers they can learn as well as the ones with disabilities. Their disabilities may range from mental retardation, autism, hearing loss, and vision impairments.Many children have severe or multiple disabilities which will cause them to need accommodations and modification to be a part of a general education curriculum (Hardman et al. , 2009). Mental Retardation Mental retardation is individuals with limited intellectual functions and adaptive behavior which is recognized before age 18. Adaptive behavior is skills that individuals cannot perform alone effectively such as communication, social interactions, caring for them self, using transportation, and counting money. Mental retardation is also called intellectual disability.Intelligence (Intelligence Quotient/ IQ) is defined as an individual overall mental ability, ability to solve problems and to learn. These tests assess a person general knowledge skills, vocabulary and reasoning ability (GCU, lecture 4, 2008). The cause of intellectual disability can include (1) Prenatal factors are to be considered as causes for infant’s developmental delays which include harmful chemical, addiction to alcohol, infections, syphilis, HIV, and environmental exposures. Mothers that do not receive proper prenatal care or smoke can also cause developmental disabilities. 2) Perinatal factors such as premature birth, trauma at birth or infection transmitted during birth (herpes) can cause developmental disabilities. (3) Postnatal factors are infections that occur after the birth such as meningitis, lack of oxygen while injury, of lack of nutrition and result in disabilities for the child (Ambrosino, Ambrosino, Heffernan, Shuttlesworth, 2008). Student with mental retardation is entitled to a free appropriate education through an individualized education program (IEP).Pairing students with other classmates can facilitate cooperative learning in academic and social skills. They should be included in general education curriculum so they can interact and learn with their peers. Some changes may be needed, accommodations and modifications, to help the child in the regular classroom (Hourcade, 2002). Autism Complex developmental brain disorders such as Pervasive Developmental Disorders Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified, Aspergers Syndrome, Rett Syndrome and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder are associated with individuals with autism.The three symptoms of autism are impaired social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, imagination, unusual or severely limited activities and interests. Parents will notice these symptoms in children during the first three years of childhood. Facts on autism suggest that children with autism have a normal life expectancy. There is no single cause of autism; several factors are involved such as viruses and chemicals, and disruption of normal brain development. Children with autism must undergo interventions, strategies, and therapy. Therapies help the child learn social and language skills.Because children learn better when they are young, it is suggested that therapy should begin early in the child’s life which could have a great impact on brain development. It is believed that certain genetic disorders such as Fragile X, Tuberous Sclerosis, Angelmans Syndrome, and mothers being expose to environmental agents such as maternal rubella or cytomegalovirus or chemical such as thalidomide or valproate during pregnancy has a great impact on children being diagnose with autism (Edelson, 2007). Severe Disabilities and Multiple DisabilitiesSevere disabilities are when students’ disability prevents them from accomplishing certain activities without the help of assistant. Most time mental retardation is included as one of the disability associated with severe disabilities. Additionally, they have medical conditions and physical limitations that affect their movement, such as vision and/or hearing. Individual who are severely disabled can become functional with the skillful help of inventions. Persons with multiple disabilities can also fall under the criteria for severe disabilities, but everyone with severe disabilities does not necessarily have multiple disabilities.Multiple disabilities are defined as individuals that have more than one major disability which affect their cognitive development, their movement and sensory impairment, such as mental retardation with cerebral palsy. This can cause the individual to not be able to accomplish an education because they cannot receive the special education accommodations needed for just one of the impairment which will make learning a challenge. It is suggested by State University that mental retardation is present in 60 to 70 percent of individuals with cerebral palsy.Diagnose for these individuals are mostly done by intelligence test (IQ) and adaptive behavior tests; these tests may include muscle tone, breathing control, and vision and hearing tests. The best source of information to rely on for effective diagnose is the information provided by teachers and parents on the students’ adaptive behaviors, such as how they can take care of themselves, communication with others, and socials skills (State University, 2011). Areas of Curriculum Curriculum for children with low-incidence disabilities is set by the child’s need and not their disability type.Families and friends should be involved in the curriculum planning of the students and the curriculum should meet what the child is able to accomplish. The curriculum should include functional reading which will involve the child being able to recognize sight words and apply them to daily activities and be able to read printed material presented to them. Functional math will be one area they must be able to perform as it will play a major factor in their daily living. They should be able to count money, learn how to pay bills, time management, and simple calculates.It is recommended that these students should be able to accomplish this by second grade but many are not able to do this which will require more instructions. They must be taught community and leisure skills to be able participate actively in the communities to benefit from the knowledge they have received. This is mostly done by involving the students directly in community based instructions. The most important curricula for severe disabilities individuals are home and personal skills. They must master skills such as eating, dressing, using the bathroom, bathing, brushing their teeth, and preparing their food.Without knowing how to communicate will make all the other skills not important. Communication and social skills are taught so the students will be able to communicate and interact with peers in inclusive classrooms (National Center, 2010). At the local school level, Mrs. Nicks stated that in the Hollandale School District they are guided by the same curricula and policies mandated by standards of the state. The basic guidelines for autism, mental retardation, severe and multiple disabilities are as in every other school district.Children with disabilities that prevent them from learning in an inclusive classroom must be given the opportunity to learn as stated by IDEA Amendments of 1997. She stated that the curriculum also include science studies, music, social studies, writing skills and physical education for the students without severe or multiple disabilities. Parents must present or request an IEP for students with disabilities. The IEP will indicate the types of services needed or if they have participated in any of the services before. The student will be tested to document the statue of their disabilities

Culture and Sub-Genres in Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culture and Sub-Genres in Literature - Essay Example There are others that seek to completely refute this argument, saying that art and politics are intrinsically linked and that the artist has to be a socially responsible person, an aspect that would shine through his art. Then again, it is this diversity of viewpoints that enables the existence of genres and subgenres. The existence of a literary politics is also evident in the presence of subcultures, which more often than not are the creations of specific communities that have certain vested interests in promoting certain subcultures. Being in certain senses a mirror of the society, art cannot be completely divorced from the material realities of the world that influence the very production of literature and the reception of it at the level of the consumer, who himself or herself has certain expectations of a political literariness that may be present in a writer that he may choose to read the works of. For instance, a person who picks a book of Chinua Achebe would be ready for a p ostcolonial politics that informs the writing of Achebe (Achebe). There are, of course issues that overlap and are present in the works of authors who may not overtly profess ideologies relating to those issues, but these analyses occur when one seeks to read a work along the faultlines of the narrative that the writer seeks to provide the reader. The culture of a certain society decides the stereotypes that exist within that society. It is the society that seeks to impose certain identities on certain communities that then enter into the public consciousness and that of that particular community as well. This then leads to that community fashioning itself according to the identities and stereotypes that the society imposes on it. This leads to the literature that is produced by that community being typecast, to a certain extent, not just by other communities but also by the community that produces it, under pressure to conform to the identities that are imposed by the discourse tha t are a part of everyday societal life. The subgenres that these communities create along with the society that also lead to the creation of subcultures finally are sustained by the discourses that sustain the identities, which are essentially constructs of the society. They then become structures that support and sustain each other. There then seems to be no exit from this vicious cycle that is created by both parties. The effect of the society in the creation of subgenres in literature is thus evident. The society that communities are a part of and help constitute themselves is a reflection of the literature that the society produces. Apart from this, like the earlier mentioned cycle, society and literature too, form a cycle whereby the two mirror each other and help in the modification of each other. From the above discussion, one can also understand the historical aspect of the problem that is in front of us. Communities produce subgenres that reflect their triumphs and defeats that have become a part of their culture. Thus literature becomes a means and a platform for these cultures that have been shaped by historical forces to manifest themselves. The historical aspe

How World Wide Web and Internet Affected Globalization Essay

How World Wide Web and Internet Affected Globalization - Essay Example Social networking has also made the world small and accessible to most individuals, regardless of their location, age, and economic status. The cost of internet connections has become cheap, allowing most individuals, regardless of economic status, to use the internet. In effect, the internet has made it easy for social, economic, and political interactions to be carried out among people from most parts of the globe. In other words, the internet has expanded the extent of globalization. This paper will discuss and critically evaluate the extent to which the World Wide Web and the internet have affected globalisation. This discussion shall start with an overview of globalization and the internet use. A critical discussion on the impact of the internet on globalisation shall follow. Finally, concluding remarks shall end and summarise the discussion. Globalisation and the Internet Overview Globalisation refers to the process of making a phenomenon, activity, or product worldwide in scop e or utilization (Milward, 2003, p. 14). Generally, globalisation is also considered the process of incorporating the world closely with each other in terms of its economics, politics, and culture. The World Wide Web and the internet, on the other hand, basically refer to the interconnected global networks of computers where documents, images, messages, and similar information are transmitted electronically to each other (Bidgoli, 2004, p. 264). The internet is in many ways a tool for globalisation, expediting the process of globalisation and allowing it to reach a bigger population at a faster and more efficient pace. In effect, the internet has significantly impacted on globalisation, allowing for a more comprehensive process of globalisation to be implemented in most parts of the globe. Critical Evaluation Computers and the internet support globalization by providing major changes in the processes of communication, making geographical considerations superfluous elements in establ ishing collaborations and business interactions with other countries and other nationalities (Adam, et.al., 1997, p. 115). Globalized computer technology has also allowed new technologies and social organizations which impact on the effectiveness of businesses and the improvement of lives of ordinary individuals. The impact of globalization, however, is based on people’s understanding of globalization, including its social and economic aspects. Globalization can be seen at the international and national level; infrastructure is also usually established nationally as people often use their telecommunication structures within their countries (Adam, et.al., 1997, p. 116). These structures are crucial to the internationalization processes of globalization and other elements and issues which refer to the international operations of globalized infrastructures. Globalization is made possible by various commercial processes and incentives in the improvement of efficiency; it is also driven by the need to improve the quality of lives of individuals. The internet is a major element of current globalization practices because the internet allows for a wide and open marketplace for information, goods, and services (Adam, et.al., 1997, p. 117). With the advantages of the internet, the globalized marketplace has now made possible the establishment of electronic analogues in financial practices. The internet combines researches and related technologies from various fields and

Effects of Social and Environmental Reporting on Stakeholder

Effects of Social and Environmental Reporting on Stakeholder Social and environmental reporting would benefit from greater stakeholder inclusivity. REFLECTIVE THINKING The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is very modern and now applies to more and more businesses. This topic piqued my interest because a lot of companies in my country have begun to adopt CSR and adopt social and environmental reporting. I am aware of the concept of corporate social responsibility, but I did not know its social and environmental dimensions. I mostly believed that corporate social responsibility is restricted mainly to charity. The more I read about it and discuss about it with other students, the more I realized its wider usefulness. Corporate Social Responsibility concerns actions that businesses do in order to solve problems involving the environment and society. In particular, companies in their business activities as well as in their contacts with other interested parties, bring together social and environmental concerns in a voluntary framework. A company to be qualified as socially responsible must take into account the problems related to the protection of the environment as well as to the development, rights and quality of life of its employees and the society within which it develops. With Corporate Social Responsibility, the business environment is voluntarily regulated, to ensure respect for the problems with the help of management systems regarding the impact on the environment, the support communities in the local context and the creation of a working environment which will ensure justice and security. Over the last five years, Corporate Social Responsibility plays an important role in both large enterprises and the European Commission, as well as in political and non-profit organizations. Several multinational or large companies try to prove that they have managed to integrate CSR in their strategy with great success. Two levels of implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility concern the companies. The first level, known as the initial stage of maturity concerns the big enterprises in Cyprus, where Corporate Social Responsibility is part of the activities of the department of public relations and particularly the field of charity and sponsorship. The second level, known as the maturity of the business, declares that Corporate Social Responsibility is an integral part of corporate policy and strategy. At this stage, there is a department or committee which is responsible for specific activities whose purpose is the achievement of strategic objectives as well as the annual Record of Social Report exclusively for Corporate Social Responsibility. In Cyprus, Corporate Social Responsibility is not at an advanced stage. This is because it may well be that Cyprus is a member of European Union, but the developments in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility do not show any significant progress. F or Cyprus, the environmental dimension of CSR is very important because it is very relevant to tourism, which is the heavy industry of Cyprus. For example, companies from Eastern European countries are more sensitized to Corporate Social Responsibility issues and there is indeed the desire to learn what Corporate Social Responsibility is, to see how they can adapt it to their philosophy, because they know that the global markets are asking for it. Nowadays, experts acknowledge that the Cypriot companies focus mainly on charity activities. The downside, however, is the fact that in Cyprus, there is no plan, no growth prospects and long term commitment for actions made. In addition, social responsibility is not limited to charitable giving, but it also covers the overall compliance with the international federal state and the local laws and legislative acts as well as with the ethical standards and procedures under which the company will operate. Great importance should be given to our awareness in order to function socially responsible, i.e. to approach the issue individually rather than corporately. Economic growth is directly related to the development of society and the environment. For example, if the sustainability of the environment is at risk, which is considered a business function, then this will directly affect the company and its financial results. The fact that CSR is an investment rather than a cost may be shown in the following way: Its a business practice that affects consumer attitudes, depending on their shopping choices. I believe that my involvement with this project helped me understand the importance of corporate social responsibility and how it can be applied to enterprises of my country. In particular, today the countries affected by the economic crisis and the developments that occur daily in the social and economic level, has created an environment of increased corporate responsibility. In this environment, companies seek to operate based on the developments occurring every day, while trying every way to reduce social risks. Based on the information available for liquidity in the economic and social level, firms must be able to understand, when they are able to avert a crisis (what happens when pop) and when to manage it successfully (this happens when the crisis is unpredictable). Corporate Social Responsibility is a strategic tool for managing the crisis. Today, most companies have social responsibilities. The directors think that a business to respond effectively and efficiently in social issues, corporate social policy must be integrated into corporate strategy. To assess how well the business operates in the fields of social responsibility, social auditing has been developed as a preliminary guide. The social audit consists of a series of systematic studies and the evaluation of social performance. It is interested in social influences on quality of life rather than in the economic quality of life. The social audit/reporting, leads to social performance. The benefits derived from a social audit are: It gives the information to assess the effectiveness of the programs on ecology and community development. The managers try to focus their attention on those activities where reports and evaluations are necessary. The existence of social audit seeks to promote concern for the achievement of social performance targets. It provides information that allows management to compare the effectiveness of different social programs. It gives the right to manage, provide information to external groups that rely on the company requirements for social performance (Cowton and Crisp 1998:120). Based on the results of this evaluation, the company can see where improvements are needed and what methods can be applied. I hope that this may be the issue of a future work. INTRODUCTION The field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has expanded significantly over the last decade both at the international and European level. More and more companies engage in serious efforts to define and integrate CSR into all aspects of their business. These efforts are supported by a growing number of evidence that proves that CSR has a positive impact on business economic performance. New voluntary standards and measurement tools of service are multiplied in number in parallel with the ongoing controversy about whether and how to standardize legal requirements for CSR from the business side. The interested parties now require from the company to apologize for its performance throughout the supply chain and for a set of issues of social responsibility. All the above take place in view of a complex global economy, where there are many social, economic and environmental injustices. In the past, the value of a company was only based on its financial performance. The interested pa rties now begin to understand better how the way the operational behavior affects the social, political and natural environment. The consequence of this is a growing pressure from investors, consumers and employees to the businesses, to include social and ecological criteria when taking decisions. CSR involves two basic ideas, the responsibility for reporting (accountability and transparency). Conversely, different groups of stakeholders require from businesses to operate successfully in non-financial sectors, which include human rights, business ethics, environmental practices, corporate contributions, contribution to local community development, corporate governance and labor and discrimination issues (Edgley et al.2009) The social and environmental performance is considered now as most consistent with economic efficiency. rights at the international level, companies need to apologize for their actions and their impact. In addition, companies are expected to disclose and communicate their policies and practices, which affect employees, communities and the environment. In the global economy, the companies that meet the requirements of the participants, namely the stakeholders are more likely to achieve long-term financial performance. CSR may be involved in every aspect of business activity. A company is considered a good corporate citizen when it demonstrates a sense of commitment to various stakeholders through socially responsible practices and transparent operations. DEFINITIONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY At the international level, many practitioners in CSR seek to define the CSR concept. One of the most important of them is the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a coalition of 175 businesses, which share a common commitment to sustainable development through three pillars: economic growth, ecological balance and social progress. CSR is defined as the continued commitment by the company to behave ethically and contribute to economic development, whilst improving the quality of life of employees and their families, local community and society at a general level (United Nations 2002). In addition, global non-profit organizations have been developed to promote the concept of corporate social responsibility by offering to their members (companies) information, tools, training, consulting services for the integration of CSR in their business operations and strategy. A significant institution is the Business for Social Responsibility, according to which CSR seems to be the realization of commercial success in ways that honor ethical values and respect people, communities and the natural environment. Through CSR, society address the legal, ethical, commercial and other expectations of the business and take decisions that fairly balance the interests of the interested parties. CSR answers why, when and how the company manages the social, environmental and economic objectives, performance and results, and the relationship among them. In addition, CSR Wire reports that CSR aligns social values with business activities (Kuratko and Morris 2002). It focuses on social, environmental and financial performance, the so-called triple basic principle. The aim is to make business success while having a positive impact on society. Likewise, CSR Europe in an effort to strengthen CSR in companies to achieve profitability, sustainability and human development, points out that CSR concerns the way in which the firm improves its social and environmental impact, so it adds value both for shareholders and for the interested parties. The European Commission in its Green Paper in July 2001 (European Commission 2003) in an attempt to open a public debate and promote a European framework for CSR, describes it as  «a concept whereby companies integrate, on a voluntary basis, in their activities and contacts with interested parties, social values and environmental worries ». The Commission links CSR with the new strategic goal that was set in Lisbon for the current decade: â€Å"to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion†. (European Commission 2003). From its part, the Economic and Social Committee (EESC), supports the European Commission. According to EESC, corporate social responsibility is a complex group of issues that must be addressed in different ways and at depth. The cultural specificities and the legal systems have a direct impact on its implementation. There are differ ences between geographic levels of action (local, national, European, global), among developing and industrialized countries, including large multinational companies, SMEs and small firms as well as among sectors. In addition, apart from the classic hierarchical structure within the company, there are new forms of structure and organization of work such as Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary part-time, telecommuting or online businesses. According to EESC, socially responsible action means that companies implement conscientiously the social rules and make efforts to build a spirit of cooperation. The voluntary decision by a company for taking action on CSR (whether this has to do with the adoption of a code of conduct or map or trademark) includes preparedness and commitment (European Commission 2004).   In conclusion, it is noticed that the concept of corporate social responsibility is associated with other considerations and concepts, a fact that facilitates its clarification. Such concepts are the approach of participants stakeholders, business ethics, company culture, corporate governance and the status of corporate citizenship. As a new concept in the business reality, it has not yet acquired a specific, well-established definition. In this paper, corporate social responsibility is defined as the permanent, ethical obligation of companies to combine their contribution to economic growth with the responsible use of environmental and social resources (quality of employees life, respect for human rights, participation in the development of the local community where they operate, protection of the natural environment, structure of consistent and responsible relationships with suppliers and the wider social contribution). Generally, CSR is the voluntary integration of social and environmental values in business activities within the framework of transparency and reporting required by society for companies in the modern world. DIMENSIONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Initially, the concept of corporate social responsibility has its internal and external dimensions. The first relates to intra business environment and includes socially and environmentally responsible practices, the combination of which aims at improved competitiveness. Socially responsible practices include: investment in human capital following policies of responsible recruitment,   equal pay and stock options to employees, as well as a more diverse workforce to combat discrimination. Their goal is to ensure employability and work, reduce unemployment and combat social exclusion. The health and safety of workers with voluntary control systems and certification schemes of management systems. Having as criteria   health and safety, general procurement systems were created, based on uniform requirements regarding training and management systems, implemented by the contractors in the health and safety issues at work. For example, the procurement system of the Danish Social Security provides guidelines that determine the prerequisites for bidding tenders for cleaning companies. In addition, these criteria are included in the existing certification and labelling for products and equipment such as the Swedish system TCO Labeling Scheme, which is a voluntary label for the security of office equipment. †¢ The management of change in the operational environment, which now encourages the involvement of all stakeholders by providing information and consultation. The restructuring in a socially responsible manner means that the interests and concerns of all those affected by the changes and decisions are taken into consideration. At European level, this phenomenon that usually appears as a reduction in personnel or closure of a factory, is evident in many industries, including the industries of steel, coal and shipbuilding. Through CSR companies are responsible for ensuring the employability of their staff (Crane and Matten 2005:167). The environmentally responsible practices are included in practices and policies that seek to reduce resource consumption or pollutant emissions and waste aiming at reducing the environmental impact. In this area, the environmental investments are recognized as double profit opportunities for both the company and the environment. Examples include the Integrated Product Policy, an approach that allows the government to work with companies and take into account the impact of products at all stages of their life cycle (introduction, growth, maturity, decline) and urges business and other stakeholders to discuss in order to find an approach with the best cost benefit analysis, having the effect of creating a strong framework for corporate social responsibility. In addition, EMAS ISO19000, a community management and control plan of the environment, which encourages companies to voluntarily set up management and control systems that promote continuous improvements in environmental perfor mance. The environmental statement is made public, and it is validated by accredited environmental organizations that verify it. Regarding the second dimension (external), the corporate social responsibility of a business extends beyond the company to the local community. A wide range of stakeholders is involved i.e. shareholders, business partners (suppliers, customers, consumers, contractors), public authorities and NGOs, representing local communities or dealing with the environment (European Multistakeholder Forum 2004). CSR is the integration of businesses in their local environment. The way they contribute to it is through job offers, salaries and social benefits. They are involved in community problems, support charity events, sponsor cultural and sporting events. In addition, the existence of interaction with the local environment leads them to a greater awareness of the environmental protection, since a cleaner environment can facilitate the process, or attract more labour force. Through close collaboration with business partners, enterprises can reduce perplexity and costs while increasing quality. The creation of such relationships leads in the long term to a fair price, conditions and expectations, as well as to quality, reliable delivery or execution. CSR appears in business activities at the area where the business is located. It focuses on the CSR of its suppliers or the dissemination of CSR in small or new innovative companies locally (through venture capital). Finally, as part of CSR, the companies must offer products and services that consumers need in an efficient, ethical and environmentally friendly way. The lasting relationships with customers lead to more profitable enterprises. An important example of CSR is the concept of planning for all, even for consumers with disabilities. The external dimension of CSR is shown in the co-operation of the business with non-governmental organizations, trade unions and public authorities on matters of vital i mportance, such as respect for human and labor rights in international and global supply chains (Holme and Watts 2000). On the one hand, there are national, community, international laws and binding rules, which provide minimum standards for all. On the other hand, there are voluntary codes of conduct, which are voluntary initiatives to complement and promote international labor standards for those who adopt them, as it happens in the various productive sectors (textile, apparel trade). The effectiveness of the latter depends on the proper implementation and verification, and it should be based on ILO conventions (Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work) and OECD (Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises) (European Commission 2004). The verification should be carried out based on defined standards that apply to organizations and individuals that carry the social control. TOOLS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The growing interest of governments, society and the business world in the concept of CSR has led to a significant increase in the number of management tools, measurement, communication and rewards regarding the performance of corporate social responsibility. These institutions of CSR range from general guidelines and codes of conduct that set ambitious CSR principles, to complex   management systems, control and communication tools or examination methodologies (filtration screening) of investments. All these play a key role in providing guidance for sustainable operation, for proper quality management of the processes, systems and practices aiming at sustainable development. SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE MANAGEMENT It includes codes of conduct, management standards and reporting, which help the companies to integrate CSR principles in their strategy and business operations by offering principles, sets of procedures, implementation steps, indicators and methods of measurement, evaluation and reporting. The codes of conduct are innovative and important tools for the promotion of fundamental human, labor and environmental rights, as well as for practices against corruption, particularly in countries where governments fail to reinforce such standards (Holme and Watts 2000). They are an official statement of the principles and business practices of a company. They express statements of minimum standards and a promise of the company to maintain them and demand from contractors, subcontractors, suppliers and recipients to apply them as well. Some examples are (Crane and Matten 2005:166): Intergovernmental Authorities ILO Tripartite declaration of principles concerning multinational enterprises and social policy. ILO Declaration on fundamental principles and rights at work. OECD Guidelines for multinational enterprises (MNEs). United Nations Draft guidelines for companies. Multilateral Codes of Conduct Ethical Trading Initiative. Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights for the extractive sector. Model Codes of Conduct designed by NGOs, trade unions and other organizations Amnesty International Amnesty International human rights principles for companies. United Nations UN global compact. The management standards are a set of frameworks, processes and practices for quality, environment, health and safety as well as the workplace itself (Denison 1990). They are internal tools for businesses and organizations to facilitate the integration of CSR into their activities on a daily basis. There are standards that focus on procedures and standards relating to performance measurement and reporting. Especially the management systems provide models and standards for the way of managing a process or an activity. Typically, large companies adopt them. The above tools improve the strategic management and reliability of the company. Examples of management models (Crane and Matten 2005:170): Standards for the workplace Social Accountability (SA 8000) (on working conditions) ILO-OSH 2001-IOC ILO Guidelines on occupational safety and health management OHSAS 18001 (health in the workplace and safety) Quality Management Standards ISO 9000 (International Organization of Standardization) EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) a model for achieving operational excellence. AA (AccountAbility) 1000. ISO CR MSS (management systems standards for corporate responsibility ISO). Environmental Management Standards EMAS (Eco-management and audit scheme) a voluntary program initiated by the European Commission. ISO 14000. The reports are documents, which announce the results of assessing the social impact of a CSR policy. The demand for greater transparency and social reporting from the business side has led to a recent increase of the interest in sustainability reporting, covering   economic, social and ecological aspects. These reports exist since 1970s as a supplement of the annual report (Callaghan and Elkins 1981). Nowadays, with the recognition of the importance of the triple bottom line for sustainable development, social, ethical and environmental issues were added to the reports. Unlike financial reports, sustainability reports include a set of qualitative information, which is difficult to measure, especially in social indicators, which are still at an experimental stage. Regarding the concept of triple bottom line†, it should be emphasized that it is the idea according to which â€Å"the overall performance of a company is measured based on its combined contribution to economic pro sperity, environmental quality and social capital† (Crane and Matten 2005:169). The European Commission (2004) itself has given special attention in this matter. In its notification on Communication on the EU strategy for Sustainable Development - COM (2001) 264† it called publicly traded companies with at least 500 employees to introduce the triple bottom line in their annual statements so that shareholders can measure and evaluate its performance against economic, and social and ecological criteria. Some characteristic examples of initiatives in this area are: Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) with the Guidelines for Reporting (2002), which included reference files, content of reports and indicators for performance. AA1000s AccountAbility Model of results validation (assurance) by the Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability (European Commission 2004). SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION In the context of socially responsible consumption social and environmental signals are used. These terms describe tools based on the market, aimed primarily at consumers and showing that the production of specific product and commercial transactions and procedures that are followed, have respected a given set of criteria and standards. However, consumers today are interested in issues of ensuring the environment, health and safety at work and respect for human rights, particularly on child and forced labor. Overall, these signs are a way to convert concern into positive action and direction of consumer behavior to social and environmental domains. In the modern, globalized economy, the terms fair trade and ethical trade are dominant. The first concept refers to fair procedures, aim at supporting marginalized producers in rural industries and handicrafts, in developing countries (Phatak 1997). These objectives, which are developmental, are achieved through better access to the market , ensuring fair prices in the negotiations and stability in the revenue, by providing direct payments or prepayment. The second concept refers to activities by companies aiming at highlighting their moral, social and environmental responsibilities and promoting human rights and decent working conditions in global supply chains and production of products. Some examples are the following (Crane and Matten 2005:170): Organizations FLO International (Fair-Trade Labeling Organizations) world-class organization that sets standards and certification of fair trade. IFAT (International Federation for Alternative Trade) a network of institutions, which aims to provide opportunities, information and technical support and better access to markets. EFTA (European Fair Trade Association) an association of importers aiming at achieving the most fair trade effective imports, promote cooperation and information, awakening of public opinion and decision-makers. Social Signals Belgium Social Label Legal Framework of the Belgian government in 2001 that gave the right to companies to acquire a sign which is used in products produced in a production chain that is compatible with the rules of conduct of the International Labour Organisation. Rugmark Label it concerns the production of carpets in India and aims to eliminate child labor. The participants agree to ban child labor and to allow non-communicated controls at their factories. Flower Label Program aims at ensuring fair labor and environmental conditions in the industry of flower trade, such as respect for the principles of the ILO and the non-use of toxic pesticides and chemicals. Environmental Signals EU ECO LABEL a voluntary programme that started in 1992 to encourage the production and consumption of green products in Europe. It is used in products with reduced environmental impact, in compliance with established standards. These ecological standards are determined by a committee (EU ECO-LABELING BOARD) and take into account all phases of the life of a product from the production up to its use and its dismissal. FOREST STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL the international non-profit organization has launched a global program, which covers forest products and provides a credible guarantee that the product comes from a forest, whose management is assessed and certified in accordance with the agreed social, economic and environmental standards. PAN EUROPEAN FORESTRY CERTIFICATION a voluntary private sector initiative which aims to promote sustainable forest management at the local and national level. SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTING Through socially responsible investment (socially responsible investment SRI) a variety of approaches, products and tools offered to the social responsibility investors is shown. The socially responsible investment has become very popular in ordinary investors, because it combines   financial objectives with their concerns regarding moral, social and environmental issues. This way, it represents a powerful means to change business behaviour, by translating values into positive action and promotion of social and environmental procedures and practices (Holme and Watts 2000). The investment for social purposes supports a specific purpose or activity and their funding through investments. Unlike donations, investors for social purposes are interested in the return of the initial investment, either through reward (for loans) or through shares. In this kind of investment individual investors can be involved. These investors can be either individual investors who are interested in private capital investments or institutional investors for investments within a context which is shaped by institutions and organizations such as pension funds, banks, insurance and asset management companies. There are the following ways for institutional investors to follow their social and ecological values: Through filtering (screening) which concerns the inclusion or exclusion of shares in investment portfolios based on ethical, social or ecological criteria. This can be achieved either by excluding companies involved, for example, in the production of nuclear weapons, or by selecting companies based on the evaluation of their social and environmental performance. Through activism or the involvement of shareholders, where in this case, the investors by using their shareholder identity support their social and environmental concerns and seek ways to influence the behavior of the enterprise through consultation with the management of the compan

The KKK :: essays research papers fc

I have learned that the Ku Klux Klan was in response to the Southern bitterness towards blacks having won freedom from slavery in the aftermath of the civil war. Congress had passed the Reconstruction Acts which divided the South into 5 military districts, each under a general. New elections were to be held in each state with freed, black, male slaves being allowed to vote; this infuriated Southerners. The first branch of the Ku Klux Klan was founded in Pulaski, Tennessee, around 1865, the name Ku Klux comes from the Greek word, Kuklose, meaning circle. The Klan was a secret organization founded by 6 ex-confederate veterans, they considered the Klan to be a secret social club, not knowing what a violent organization it would turn into. They decided to make their Klan costumes as odd as possible. Klan members would be dressed in white sheets and their faces would be covered with white masks. These ex-soldiers would ride through the town, make jokes and act silly, this made former bla ck slaves to believe that the ghosts of the Confederate dead had risen to reclaim their land. Many Southerners began to join the Klan and harm former black slaves. Soon these night rides turned into violent night rides and lynching’s. Once the Klan began to make a name for itself, General Nathan Bedford Forrest, the famous cavalry leader, became the leader of this invisible empire. The Klan was effective in keeping blacks away from the voting polls. The Klan was coming under increased attack by Congress and the Reconstruction state governments. The leaders of the Klan realized that the Klan’s end was near as an organized force.

Innovation Description of Rtc and the Outcome Essay

In my opinion, I prefer to describe RTC as a ‘Blue Sky Innovator’. The reason is that it is relatively autonomy from the Pfizer and the employees there enjoyed creative and flexible research environment. To some extent, it has worked successfully since it has created several drugs per year, and its managerial style has attracted many scientists to join it. It even provide free innovation network for all the sites of Pfizer. However, it has also put itself into a passive position, which resulted in many challenges. This is because it was fully founded by Pfizer, which make them has less authority to manage its employees, which made it hard to recruit new scientists from top universities like Cambridge. The other challenge is that they could not easily convince headquarters of Pfizer to try their new drugs or listen to their presentations. The final challenge is that the ambiguity of mission makes both leaders and employees confused of their goals, which may lead to unsucc essful future. Evaluation of RTC through an Organizational Criteria, Partnership In terms of its partnership, either with the corporation or the other research sites, RTC did quite well to some extent. On one hand, RTC has successfully provided new drugs to Pfizer, and also been trying hard to make closer relationship with Pfizer, by sending many leaders regularly to Pfizer and build personal relationship between the staff. This has made some progress, for example, Pfizer site will track weekly for the process of the projects in RTC, showing big interests of them. RTC has also built relationship with other sites. For example, the Strategic Alliance group and 11-member Research Informatics team, which provides RTC opportunities to work with other sites. On the other hand, it also suffered from these relationships. RTC has to avoid competing with them, which indicates they may miss many opportunities to enhance revenue. The other reason is mentioned above, which is that the passive part of this partnership between RTC and the corporation made it hard to recruit emp loyees or even stimulate them. Recommendation of the Models I recommend that Frank Drake pursue focus more on opportunities as an innovation and technology ‘pusher’. Since there is already one successful example, the ‘biotrove’ project, which could provide some experience of how to cooperate with the scholars and experts. Besides, it could help RTC to build independence from the corporation, as well as other sites. It could be explained as that if RTC did quite well in innovation and technology and market it well, then it could get contracts from the corporation easily. Moreover, if RTC keep trying to spread its awareness around the world, it could even attract cooperation from outside of the firm. As a result, they do not have to only depend on the cooperation with Pfizer to make profit. It could enhance self-control instead, which is good for recruiting and keeping employees. Maybe when RTC finished its step of becoming independent, it could begin to think of another way to grow its business.

Using the Spanish Word Bien

Bien is most often used as an adverb meaning well (i.e., in a good manner) although in a more flexible way than the English word. Bien also can be a noun whose meanings include goodness and asset. Here are some examples of where well is a good translation for bien: Raquel cree que canta bien. Raquel thinks she sings well. Un alimento bien cocinado puede contaminarse si tiene contacto con carnes crudas. A well-cooked food can get tainted if it has contact with undercooked meats. Aprende bien las reglas de manejar. Learn well the rules of driving. Mi bebe duerme bien. My baby sleeps well. No entiendo bien tu pregunta. I dont understand your question well. Bien often carries the idea of something occuring correctly, sufficiently or to a great degree: No puede reparar bien mi coche. He cant fix my car correctly. Llovià ³ bien hasta enero y despuà ©s se cortà ³. It rained a lot until January and then it stopped. La computadora no me funciona bien. The computer doesnt work right for me. Se sentirà ¡ en casa con la comida deliciosa y las bebidas bien frà ­as. You will feel at home with the delicious food and well-chilled drinks. No estoy seguro de haber descargado bien el software. Im not sure the software was downloaded properly. La pelà ­cula està ¡ bien divertida y no tiene mensajes de doble sentido. The film is quite fun and doesnt have mixed messages. Often with estar (and sometimes other verbs), bien is sometimes translated as a positive adjective that varies with context: Estuvo muy bien el desayuno. The breakfast tasted great. Estoy bien hoy. Im feeling good today. Està ¡s bien en tu foto de Facebook. You look good in your Facebook photo. Todos estamos bien. Were all fine. Todo està ¡ bien. Everythings OK. Te està ¡ bien la camisa. The shirt looks good on you. As an interjection, bien can have a similarly positive meaning. For example, fans at a sports context might shout  ¡Bien! as a way of saying Good job! As a noun, el bien can mean goodness or something similar: El mundo està ¡ plagado de gente que no hace el bien. The world is plagued by people who dont do the right thing. La à ©tica, por definicià ³n, busca el bien. Ethics, by definition, looks for the good. In financial matters, el bien can refer to various types of assets or goods. For example, un bien tangible is a tangible asset, and bienes raà ­ces refers to real estate.